Which type of nerve cell transmits impulses from sensory organs to the central nervous system (CNS)?

The sensory neuron is responsible for transmitting impulses from sensory organs to the central nervous system (CNS). These neurons detect stimuli such as light, sound, touch, and temperature, and then convert these signals into electrical impulses. Once the sensory neuron has generated an impulse, it sends this information directly to the CNS, where the brain processes and interprets the data, allowing for appropriate responses.

In the context of the nervous system, sensory neurons play a crucial role in how organisms interact with their environment by relaying important sensory information. This function distinguishes them from other types of neurons, such as motor neurons, which transmit signals from the CNS to muscles or glands, facilitating movement or responses to stimuli. Interneurons and relay neurons serve to connect sensory and motor pathways within the CNS itself but do not carry information from the sensory organs directly to the CNS. Thus, sensory neurons are specifically designed for the transmission of sensory information, making them the correct answer.