Which component plays a critical role in the synthesis of proteins within a cell?

The synthesis of proteins within a cell is a complex process that involves all of the components mentioned: RNA, DNA, and amino acids, hence the correct answer is that all of them play critical roles.

DNA serves as the blueprint for all genetic information in a cell. It contains the specific instructions for building proteins, stored in sequences of nucleotides. During transcription, DNA is used to create messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes, where protein synthesis occurs.

RNA, particularly mRNA, is integral to translating the genetic code into a functional protein. mRNA provides the template that ribosomes read to assemble amino acids in the correct order, following the sequence dictated by the original DNA.

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. During the process of translation, ribosomes link amino acids together in a specific sequence to form a protein. The order and combination of these amino acids determine the protein's structure and function.

Together, these components work in tandem to allow for the accurate synthesis of proteins, which are essential for various cellular functions, growth, and repair. Each component has its unique role in the process, confirming that all three are crucial for protein synthesis.