What term refers to the typical number of chromosomes found in a cell of a particular organism?

The term that refers to the typical number of chromosomes found in a cell of a particular organism is known as the chromosome complement. This terminology encompasses the total set of chromosomes that are present in a typical somatic (body) cell of an organism, which includes pairs of homologous chromosomes. Each species has a specific chromosome complement that is characteristic to it; for example, humans have a chromosome complement of 46 chromosomes, organized into 23 pairs. This concept is essential in understanding genetics, as variations in chromosome complement can lead to different traits or disorders in organisms.

Understanding the chromosome complement helps to clarify discussions on genetic inheritance, cell division, and the overall genetic makeup of an organism.