What term describes the change in shape of proteins such as enzymes leading to loss of function?

The term that describes the change in shape of proteins, including enzymes, leading to a loss of function is denaturation. In this context, denaturation refers to the structural alteration of a protein due to various factors, such as changes in temperature, pH, or exposure to certain chemicals. When a protein becomes denatured, its three-dimensional shape is disrupted, which is critical for its function. Since enzymes rely on their specific shape to enable them to bind to substrates and catalyze reactions, any change to their structure can significantly impair or completely halt their activity.

Denaturation is a common process observed in biological systems, and it illustrates the importance of protein structure in maintaining function. Understanding this concept is crucial for grasping how environmental factors can influence biochemical activity in living organisms.