What term describes a cell that has become specialized to perform a specific function?

A cell that has become specialized to perform a specific function is referred to as "specialized." This term indicates that the cell has undergone differentiation, meaning it has developed specific structures and functions that allow it to perform a unique role in an organism. For example, muscle cells are specialized for contraction, while nerve cells are specialized for transmitting signals.

In contrast, the other terms refer to cells that do not have a specific function. "Generalized" suggests that a cell can perform a variety of functions rather than being suited for one specific role. "Undifferentiated" refers to cells that have not yet specialized and can develop into various types of cells. "Totipotent" describes a cell that has the potential to differentiate into any cell type, including placenta and embryonic cells, but does not specify that the cell has already specialized. Thus, "specialized" accurately captures the idea of a cell that has become uniquely equipped to carry out a specific function.