What series of enzyme-controlled reactions leads to the production of ATP from the chemical energy in glucose?

The production of ATP from the chemical energy in glucose occurs primarily through the process of respiration. During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in a series of enzyme-controlled reactions. This process includes glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain, each contributing to the conversion of glucose into usable energy in the form of ATP.

In glycolysis, glucose is first transformed into pyruvate, producing a small yield of ATP and some electron carriers. Following this, in the Krebs cycle, the pyruvate is further processed, and more electron carriers are generated. Finally, during the electron transport chain, the energy from these carriers is used to create the bulk of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

This efficient energy extraction from glucose is essential for life, as ATP acts as the energy currency for cells, driving various biological processes. Other processes mentioned in the options, like fermentation, photosynthesis, and transpiration, involve energy transformations but do not directly correlate with the production of ATP from glucose through respiration as outlined.