What process allows the genetic information from one organism to be changed?

Gene editing is the correct answer because it refers to a set of technologies that either add, remove, or alter genetic material at particular locations in the genome of an organism. Techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9 are prominent examples of gene editing, allowing precise modifications in the DNA sequence. This process enables scientists to directly change genetic information, which can be used in a variety of applications, from agriculture to medicine, ensuring that the genetic makeup of organisms can be tailored for specific traits or characteristics.

Other processes listed do not directly involve changing genetic information in the same way. Mutation refers to naturally occurring changes in the DNA sequence that can happen over time due to various factors, but it is not a deliberate or controlled process like gene editing. Transcription and translation are essential stages in the process of gene expression—transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template, while translation is the conversion of RNA into a protein—but neither actually modifies the genetic material itself. They are crucial for the expression of genes but do not change the underlying genetic code.