What are the tiny pores in the leaf epidermis called that facilitate gas exchange?

The tiny pores in the leaf epidermis that facilitate gas exchange are known as stomata. These pores play a crucial role in the process of photosynthesis and respiration by allowing carbon dioxide to enter the leaf and oxygen to exit, as well as regulating water loss through transpiration. Stomata are surrounded by specialized guard cells that can open and close the pores, thereby controlling the exchange of gases based on the plant's needs and environmental conditions. This functioning is essential for maintaining homeostasis within the plant and ensures efficient gas exchange during daylight hours when photosynthesis occurs.